|
Cancer or model
|
Klotho intervention
|
Main preclinical finding
|
Evidence level
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Breast cancer
|
Increased α-Klotho expression or administered its KL1 domain
|
Reduced cancer cell growth; administered KL1 slowed growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors implanted in mice.
|
Cells and mouse tumors
|
|
Pancreatic cancer
|
α-Klotho or KL1 protein; gene delivery of a soluble Klotho form
|
Reduced pancreatic cancer growth in cell and mouse models. A separate genetically engineered mouse study supported a tumor suppressor role for Klotho.
|
Cells and multiple mouse models
|
|
Colorectal cancer
|
Soluble α-Klotho, KL1, or increased Klotho expression
|
Reduced colony formation and tumor growth in mouse models. In another study, administered Klotho weakened the tumor promoting effect of senescent stromal cells.
|
Cells and mouse tumors
|
|
Lung cancer and metastasis
|
Administered secreted α-Klotho; altered Klotho expression
|
Secreted Klotho suppressed metastatic colonization in mice. Cell studies found reduced growth or movement and increased apoptosis; a separate study examined cisplatin sensitivity. These are different outcomes and should be reported separately.
|
Cells and mouse metastasis model
|
|
Liver cancer
|
Increased α-Klotho expression or soluble protein
|
Reduced hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and tumor growth in mice, alongside changes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
|
Cells and mouse tumors
|
|
Osteosarcoma
|
Increased α-Klotho expression in tumor cells
|
Reduced primary tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in a mouse model.
|
Mouse tumors
|
|
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
|
Increased α-Klotho expression in lymphoma cells
|
Reduced tumor volume in mice, with lower tumor proliferation markers; the study investigated IGF-1 receptor signaling.
|
Cells and mouse tumors
|
|
Papillary thyroid cancer with a RET fusion
|
Increased α-Klotho expression
|
Suppressed tumor growth and increased apoptosis in mice; the study investigated Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
|
Cells and mouse tumors
|
|
Melanoma
|
Reduced α-Klotho expression
|
Klotho loss increased xenograft growth. This supports a protective role in that model but does not test administered Klotho as therapy.
|
Mouse tumor; loss-of-function
|
|
Liver and non-small-cell lung cancer: β-Klotho
|
Increased β-Klothoexpression
|
Reduced tumor growth in the models studied. β-Klotho has different biology from α-Klotho, so these findings cannot be used as direct evidence for an α-Klotho product.
|
Mouse tumors; different protein
|
What the data support: α-Klotho has shown tumor suppressing activity across several cell and mouse models, with direct protein administration tested in some models. Preclinical studies support investigation of Klotho as a potential anticancer approach.